I get a total of 64 solutions: 4 (fundamental) * 2 (9's complement) * 8 (order of symmetry group of square).
EDIT: I just realized there are fewer than 64 due to overlapping symmetries. I make it 48 solutions now.
Code:
Spoiler
The square has a symmetry group of order 8. Each solution has a
corresponding solution with 9's complement of the digits. To eliminate
the symmetries, the following restrictions can be imposed:
A < C
A < E
A < G
C < G
Also:
{ A B C D E F H G } = { 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 }
// set equality only, no mapping implied.
A + C != E + G // because B != F
A + G != C + E // because H != D
S = (36 + A + C + E + G) / 4
S = 9 + (A + C + E + G) / 4
S mod 4 = 1
(A + C + E + G) mod 4 = 0
B = S - (A + C)
D = S - (C + E)
F = S - (E + G)
H = S - (G + A)
1 <= S - (A + C) <= 8
1 <= S - (C + E) <= 8
1 <= S - (E + G) <= 8
1 <= S - (G + A) <= 8
So:
S - 8 <= A + C <= S - 1
S - 8 <= C + E <= S - 1
S - 8 <= E + G <= S - 1
S - 8 <= G + A <= S - 1
Smallest sum of A + C + E + G divisible by 4 is 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 = 12,
giving a minimum S of 12 (= 9 + 12 / 4).
Largest sum of A + C + E + G divisible by 4 with A < C, A < E, C < G is
4 + 7 + 5 + 8 = 24, giving a maximum S of 15 (= 9 + 24 / 4).
When S = 12:
4 <= A + C <= 11
4 <= C + E <= 11
4 <= E + G <= 11
4 <= G + A <= 11
When S = 13:
5 <= A + C <= 12
5 <= C + E <= 12
5 <= E + G <= 12
5 <= G + A <= 12
When S = 14:
6 <= A + C <= 13
6 <= C + E <= 13
6 <= E + G <= 13
6 <= G + A <= 13
When S = 15:
7 <= A + C <= 14
7 <= C + E <= 14
7 <= E + G <= 14
7 <= G + A <= 14
Candidates for different A, C, E, G, with corresponding B, D, F, H.
Solutions marked with '**'
S (A)B(C)D(E)F(G)H
12 (1)8(3)7(2)4(6)5 **
13 (1)8(4)6(3)2(8)4
13 (1)8(4)4(5)2(6)6
13 (1)8(4)3(6)2(5)7 **
13 (1)7(5)6(2)3(8)4 **
13 (1)7(5)4(4)3(6)6
14 (1)7(6)3(5)1(8)5
13 (2)8(3)6(4)2(7)4
13 (2)8(3)4(6)2(5)6
13 (2)8(3)3(7)2(4)7
13 (2)7(4)6(3)3(7)4
14 (2)7(5)3(6)1(7)5
14 (2)7(5)2(7)1(6)6
14 (2)6(6)3(5)2(7)5
14 (3)7(4)5(5)1(8)3
14 (3)7(4)3(7)1(6)5
14 (3)7(4)2(8)1(5)6 **
14 (3)6(5)5(4)2(8)3
15 (4)4(7)3(5)2(8)3
Solutions marked above:
183 184 175 374
5 7 7 3 4 6 6 2
642 526 832 518
(S=12) (S=13) (S=13) (S=14)
*A* *B*
9's complement solutions:
816 815 824 625
4 2 2 6 5 3 3 7
357 473 167 481
(S=15) (S=14) (S=14) (S=13)
*B* *A*
Imagine all the above rotated through 0, 90, 180, or 270 degrees (4
possibilities), and reflected or reflected (2 possibilities). That is
the symmetries of the square, which is of order 8.
However, two of the 9's complement solutions marked '*A*' and '*B*'
above are 180 degree rotations of the non-complement solutions, so
there are only 6 unique non-complement + 9's complement solutions.
Total solutions = 6 * 8 = 48.