(33E) Stream Flow Estimate in Culverts

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An extract from Stream Flow Estimate in Culverts, Oregon State University (School of Forestry), Forest Research Laboratory, Research Note 67, OCT 1981 (4 pgs)

INTRODUCTION
Streamflow measurement in mountain streams is often difficult because the typical succession of pools, riffles, meanders, large rocks, and organic debris creates nonuniform flows throughout a reach. Because channel irregularities, obstructions to flow, and movable beds cause substantial variability in the relationship between elevation of the water surface (stage) and streamflow (discharge), artificial control sections are often constructed in channels where accurate streamflow records are essential. Control sections provide a stable channel geometry and thus a stable stage-to-discharge relation (rating curve). For estimating streamflow on many mountain watersheds where roads cross streams and drainage ways, culverts may substitute for more elaborate artificial control sections. The procedures outlined in this note for calculating the velocity and cross-sectional area of flow and the discharge through culverts may be useful to road engineers, fisheries biologists, hydrologists, foresters, and others needing field estimates of streamflow …
APPENDIX: PROGRAM FOR HP 33E
A program for computing cross-sectional area of flow, average flow velocity, and discharge. Although the program shown is for an HP33E calculator, it can be used with other programmable calculators with minor modifications.

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