Threaded Mode | Linear Mode

Gerson W. Barbosa · (This post was last modified: 05-17-2017 01:14 PM by Gerson W. Barbosa.)

Program

01-     3          3            34-     16         CHS          67-     36         ENTER
02-     44 11      STO n        35-     1          1            68-     36         ENTER
03-     10         ÷            36-     40         +            69-     45 6       RCL 6
04-     44 14      STO PMT      37-     43 33 40 g GTO 40       70-     20         ×
05-     43 35    g x=0          38-     36         ENTER        71-     9          9
06-     43 33 13 g GTO 13       39-     20         ×            72-     48         .
07-     36         ENTER        40-     22         1/x          73-     4          4
08-     20         ×            41-     1          1            74-     22         1/x
09-     1          1            42-     30         −            75-     40         +
10-     24         ∆%           43-     43 21    g √x           76-     20         ×
11-     44 12      STO i        44-     43 35    g x=0          77-     45 5       RCL 5
12-     42 13    f NPV          45-     43 33 00 g GTO 00       78-     30         −
13-     45 14      RCL PMT      46-     1          1            79-     20         ×
14-     20         ×            47-     34         x≷y          80-     45 4       RCL 4
15-     36         ENTER        48-     43 34    g x≤y          81-     40         +
16-     36         ENTER        49-     43 33 52 g GTO 52       82-     20         ×
17-     20         ×            50-     22         1/x          83-     3          3
18-     4          4            51-     9          9            84-     22         1/x
19-     20         ×            52-     0          0            85-     30         −
20-     16         CHS          53-     44 13      STO PV       86-     20         ×
21-     3          3            54-     33         R↓           87-     1          1
22-     40         +            55-     22         1/x          88-     40         +
23-     20         ×            56-     44 14      STO PMT      89-     45 14      RCL PMT
24-     36         ENTER        57-     36         ENTER        90-     20         ×
25-     36         ENTER        58-     20         ×            91-     2          2
26-     20         ×            59-     40         +            92-     20         ×
27-     16         CHS          60-     43 21    g √x           93-     45 0       RCL 0
28-     1          1            61-     45 14      RCL PMT      94-     10         ÷
29-     40         +            62-     30         −            95-     45 13      RCL PV
30-     43 21    g √x           63-     44 14      STO PMT      96-     43 35    g x=0
31-     43 33 00 g GTO 00       64-     36         ENTER        97-     34         x≷y
32-     36         ENTER        65-     20         ×            98-     34         x≷y
33-     20         ×            66-     36         ENTER        99-     30         −

Constants

R0: 1.745329252e-02
R1: -8.86096144e-07
R2: 1.3495798e-11
R3: -9.7284-17
R4: 0.199991241
R5: 0.14251795
R6: -0.0616468

These should be stored manually:

1.745329252 EEX CHS 2 STO 0
8.86096144 CHS EEX CHS 7 STO 1
1.3495798 EEX CHS 11 STO 2
9.7284 CHS EEX CHS 17 STO 3
.199991241 STO 4
.14251795 STO 5
.0616468 CHS STO 6

Take care not pressing Σ+ as this will change the contents of registers R1 through R6.

Usage

Angles in DEGREES

-90 =< x =< 90

R/S     --> cos(x)
R/S x≷y --> sin(x)
R/S ÷   --> tan(x)

GTO 32 R/S --> asin(x)      0 =< x <  1
GTO 38 R/S --> acos(x)      0  < x <= 1
GTO 44 R/S --> atan(x)   1e-50 < x < 1e50, x=0

(On the HP-12C Platinum, GTO 032, GTO 038 and GTO 044, respectively)

RCL 0 ÷  --> Rad->Deg
RCL 0 ×  --> Deg->Rad

Examples:

30 R/S --> 0.866025404 ; cos(30 deg)
x≷y    --> 0.500000000 ; sin(30 deg)
x≷y ÷  --> 0.577350270 ; tan(30 deg)

0.5 GTO 32 R/S --> 29.99999998 ; asin(0.5) = 30 deg
0.5 GTO 38 R/S --> 60.00000002 ; acos(0.5) = 60 deg
1 GTO 44 R/S   --> 44.99999997 ; atan(1) = 45 deg

RCL 0 180 ×    --> 3.141592654 ; π
3 ÷            --> 1.047197551 ; π÷3
RCL 0 ÷        --> 59.99999999 ; π÷3 rad = 60 deg
R/S            --> 0.500000001 ; cos(π÷3 rad) = 1÷2
x≷y            --> 0.866025403 ; sin(π÷3 rad) = 1÷2×√3
x≷y ÷          --> 1.732050804 ; tan(π÷3 rad) = √3

5 1/x GTO 44 R/S   --> 11.30993251 ; atan(1÷5) = 11.30993251 deg
RCL 0 ×            --> 0.197395561 ; atan(1÷5) = 0.197395561 rad
16 × STO FV        --> 3.158328968
239 1/x GTO 44 R/S --> 0.239725192 ; atan(1÷239) = 0.239725192 deg
RCL 0 ×            --> 0.004183994 ; atan(1÷239) = 0.004183994 rad
4 × CHS RCL FV +   --> 3.141592992 (3.141592652 on the HP-12C Platinum) ; π = 16×atan(1÷5) - 4×atan(1÷239)

Accuracy comparison with the HP-15C and the HP-35:

Sin(x):

x (deg)      HP-12C      HP-12C Platinum  HP-15C (1982)   HP-35 (1972)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.000000 0.000000000E+00 0.000000000E+00 0.000000000E+00 0.000000000E+00
0.000010 1.745329252E-07 1.745329252E-07 1.745329252E-07 1.745000000E-07
0.000110 1.919862177E-06 1.919862177E-06 1.919862177E-06 1.919800000E-06
0.022000 3.839724258E-04 3.839724261E-04 3.839724260E-04 3.839723931E-04
3.330000 5.808674960E-02 5.808674961E-02 5.808674960E-02 5.808674961E-02
14.44000 2.493660251E-01 2.493660252E-01 2.493660251E-01 2.493660250E-01
25.55000 4.312985869E-01 4.312985871E-01 4.312985870E-01 4.312985871E-01
36.66000 5.970652564E-01 5.970652564E-01 5.970652564E-01 5.970652561E-01
47.77000 7.404527823E-01 7.404527827E-01 7.404527827E-01 7.404527828E-01
58.88000 8.560867284E-01 8.560867283E-01 8.560867283E-01 8.560867285E-01
69.99000 9.396329131E-01 9.396329128E-01 9.396329127E-01 9.396329127E-01
81.11000 9.879868530E-01 9.879868529E-01 9.879868528E-01 9.879868527E-01
88.88000 9.998089502E-01 9.998089500E-01 9.998089500E-01 9.998089499E-01
89.99000 9.999999850E-01 9.999999848E-01 9.999999848E-01 9.999999848E-01
89.99900 1.000000000E+00 9.999999998E-01 9.999999998E-01 9.999999998E-01
90.00000 1.000000000E+00 1.000000000E+00 1.000000000E+00 1.000000000E+00

Tan(x):

x (deg)      HP-12C      HP-12C Platinum  HP-15C (1982)   HP-35 (1972)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0.000000 0.000000000E+00 0.000000000E+00 0.000000000E+00 0.000000000E+00
0.000010 1.745329252E-07 1.745329252E-07 1.745329252E-07 1.745000000E-07
0.000110 1.919862177E-06 1.919862177E-06 1.919862177E-06 1.919800000E-06
0.022000 3.839724258E-04 3.839724544E-04 3.839724543E-04 3.839724542E-04
3.330000 5.818499267E-02 5.818499268E-02 5.818499267E-02 5.818499266E-02
14.44000 2.575006491E-01 2.575006492E-01 2.575006491E-01 2.575006490E-01
25.55000 4.780471796E-01 4.780471799E-01 4.780471798E-01 4.780471798E-01
36.66000 7.442915883E-01 7.442915884E-01 7.442915883E-01 7.442915880E-01
47.77000 1.101686576E+00 1.101686577E+00 1.101686578E+00 1.101686578E+00
58.88000 1.656411391E+00 1.656411391E+00 1.656411391E+00 1.656411391E+00
69.99000 2.745986127E+00 2.745986120E+00 2.745986117E+00 2.745986119E+00
81.11000 6.393166511E+00 6.393166491E+00 6.393166451E+00 6.393166426E+00
88.88000 5.115045162E+01 5.115043114E+01 5.115042993E+01 5.115042860E+01
89.99000 5.773502604E+04 5.728989416E+04 5.729577951E+05 5.729655162E+04
89.99900     Error 0     5.735393346E+05 5.729577951E+05 5.730193057E+05
90.00000     Error 0         Error 0     9.999999999E+99 9.999999999E+99

ArcTan(x):

   x        HP-12C      HP-12C Platinum  HP-15C (1982)   HP-35 (1972)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
0.00000 0.000000000E+00 0.000000000E+00 0.000000000E+00 0.000000000E+00
0.00011 6.302535741E-03 6.302535739E-03 6.302535721E-03 6.302535688E-03
0.15500 8.810733019E+00 8.810732983E+00 8.810732986E+00 8.810732984E+00
0.26795 1.500004317E+01 1.500004315E+01 1.500004317E+01 1.500004317E+01
0.41421 2.249982576E+01 2.249982574E+01 2.249982578E+01 2.249982579E+01
0.57735 2.999998843E+01 2.999998845E+01 2.999998843E+01 2.999998843E+01
0.77700 3.784720679E+01 3.784720675E+01 3.784720677E+01 3.784720676E+01
0.88800 4.160507644E+01 4.160507646E+01 4.160507646E+01 4.160507646E+01
1.00000 4.499999997E+01 4.499999999E+01 4.500000000E+01 4.500000000E+01
1.22200 5.070548705E+01 5.070548704E+01 5.070548702E+01 5.070548702E+01
1.48880 5.611145719E+01 5.611145720E+01 5.611145723E+01 5.611145722E+01
2.11100 6.465265739E+01 6.465265738E+01 6.465265735E+01 6.465265735E+01
4.88800 7.843782363E+01 7.843782359E+01 7.843782359E+01 7.843782360E+01
7.55500 8.246000676E+01 8.246000683E+01 8.246000683E+01 8.246000679E+01
99.9990 8.942705958E+01 8.942705557E+01 8.942705557E+01 8.942705555E+01
7777.77 8.999266614E+01 8.999263291E+01 8.999263339E+01 8.999263337E+01
1.0E+05 9.000000000E+01 8.999942704E+01 8.999942704E+01 8.999942704E+01

Edited to change subject line.

**rprosperi** · 07-01-2016, 02:15 AM

Great post Gerson, thank you for the time and effort to post the full program, detailed instructions and comparison of results. I believe the program has been posted before, but having this all in one place with all the background material included makes it a clear and handy resource.

Gerson W. Barbosa · (This post was last modified: 07-02-2016 10:19 AM by Gerson W. Barbosa.)

(07-01-2016 02:15 AM)rprosperi Wrote: I believe the program has been posted before, but having this all in one place with all the background material included makes it a clear and handy resource.

I am glad you have appreciated it. Actually much background material is missing. Rather than plain Taylor series, this program is based on polynomial approximations on limited ranges, which are then expanded to the full working ranges by means of trigonometric identities. This is better explained in an old version of this program:

Fast and Accurate Trigonometric Functions on the HP-12C

The "fast" part is ok, but the "accurate" term has been somewhat innaccurately used there (even this later version, despite the higher-degree polynomials, doesn't offer always full accuracy).

An earlier version of the current program has been posted here. The whole thread is interesting taking a look at as more background information is available there, including some ideas and suggestions from Bob Shoring and Willy Kunz, the author of the RPN-38 CX Simulator, which made into this program and the one written specifically for the simulator.

Best regards,

Gerson.

Edited to fix a typo.

bshoring · 07-18-2016, 10:25 PM

It's a wonderful program. The forensic test arcsin (arccos (arctan (tan (cos (sin (9) ) ) ) ) ) on the RPN-38 CX Simulator of the HP-38C gives me 9.000000330, which is pretty good for a financial calculator! I get that by entering 9, then
R/S X<>Y (to get SIN)
R/S (to get COS)
R/S / (to get TAN)
GTO 44 R/S (to get ATAN)
GTO 38 R/S (to get ACOS)
GTO 32 R/S (to get ASIN)

Thanks for writing it!